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Soutenance
Le 29 juin 2017
Constraints on Industrial Policy Space in North-South and South-South Regional Trade Agreements
Jury :
- Monsieur Xavier Richet (Rapporteur), Professeur émérite, Université Paris 3 - Sorbonne Nouvelle
- Monsieur Michel Rocca (Examinateur), Professeur, Université Grenoble Alpes
- Madame Sandrine Michel (Examinateur), Professeure, Université de Montpellier
- Monsieur Marc Lautier (Rapporteur), Professeur, Université Renne 2
- Monsieur Jörg Mayer (Examinateur), Economiste senior, Conférence des Nations unies sur le commerce et le développement
- Monsieur Pierre Berthaud (Directeur de thèse), Maître de conférences Hdr, Université Grenoble Alpes
Résumé : l’intérêt pour la politique industrielle a fait un retour remarqué dans le contexte post consensus de Washington. Mais ce regain d’intérêt de la littérature survient dans un environnement international qui pose des défis majeurs pour la conduite de politiques industrielles. En effet, le mode dominant d'insertion dans l'économie mondiale au cours des trois dernières décennies a été celui de la libéralisation des comptes courants et de capitaux, réduisant les marges de manœuvre des gouvernements pour le choix et la conduite de politiques industrielles aussi bien de facto que de jure. La thèse procède à une évaluation qualitative et comparative des contraintes sur l’utilisation des instruments de la politique industrielle sur 36 Accords Commerciaux Régionaux de types Nord-Sud et Sud-Sud : 10 accords avec les Etats-Unis, 12 avec l’Union Européen, 6 avec la Chine et 8 avec l’Inde. La thèse cartographie les engagements de ces accords qui influent sur les instruments de la politique industrielle dans trois domaines interdépendants : la régulation des investissements étrangers, les règles sur les brevets, et les règles relatives à la normalisation. Les résultats de cette étude établissent que les accords de type Nord-Sud dépassent systématiquement des engagements des accords de l’OMC, donc rétrécissent voire éliminent leurs flexibilités. En conséquence, l'espace de politique industrielle de jure des pays partenaires se rétrécit à un niveau historiquement bas. Alternativement, les modes de régulation de type Sud-Sud préservent, dans une large mesure, les flexibilités de l'OMC comme résultat de (i) l’affirmation explicite de ces flexibilités ; (ii) la non-inclusion des engagements substantiels allant au-delà des accords de l’OMC. Contrairement aux accords des Etats Unis et de l’Union Européen, la possibilité de jure d’utiliser les mesures de la politique industrielle est donc largement préservée dans le cadre des accords avec la Chine et l’Inde en ce qui concerne : (i) les mesures relatives à la régulation des investissements étrangers qui garantissent leur contribution au développement industriel, tout en évitant les risques associés à ce type d'investissement ; (ii) la mise en place d'un système national de brevet facilitant l’accès à et la diffusion des technologies et des connaissances ; (iii) l’utilisation des normes et des règlements techniques comme instruments pour surmonter les problèmes de coordination inefficiente des investissements, ainsi que comme mécanisme de contrôle accompagnant les différents soutiens apportés par l’Etat à la production locale.
Summary : Lately, interests in industrial policy have made a remarkable comeback in an international environment that holds serious challenges as the integration into the wold economy that took the form of trade, investment, and financial liberalization, in last three decades, has reduced de facto and de jure industrial policy space. The thesis provides a qualitative and comparative assessment of constraints on the use of industrial policy instruments in the context of the rising regionalism. It reviews 36 North-South and South-South regional trade agreements: 10 Agreements of the United States, 12 Agreements of European Union, 6 Chinese Agreements and 8 Indian Agreements, all with developing countries. It maps commitments that affect industrial policy instruments in three interrelated areas: foreign investment regulation, patent, and standardization. It compares the agreements’ engagements against WTO obligations and each other. Results show that North-South modes of regulation of investment and trade relations go systematically beyond WTO Agreements commitments, narrowing and eliminating its “flexibilities”. As a result, de jure industrial policy space of partner countries shrinks to a historically low level. In turn, the South-South modes of regulation of trade and investment relations preserve WTO “flexibilities” to a large extent, as result of (i) explicit affirmation of these flexibilities, and (ii) the non-inclusion of substantial commitments going beyond WTO agreements. Contrary to the agreements of the United States and the European Union, the de jure possibility to use industrial policy instruments is substantially preserved under the agreements of China and India with respect to: (i) measures aimed at regulating foreign investments in a manner that permits to trigger its industrial development benefits and to avoid its associated risks, (ii) the design of national patent system in manner that facilitates the access to and diffusion of technologies and knowledge, and (iii) the use of standards and technical regulations as instruments to overcome investment coordination failure, and as tools of control mechanism that should be associated with the State’s distributed rent to local producers.
Summary : Lately, interests in industrial policy have made a remarkable comeback in an international environment that holds serious challenges as the integration into the wold economy that took the form of trade, investment, and financial liberalization, in last three decades, has reduced de facto and de jure industrial policy space. The thesis provides a qualitative and comparative assessment of constraints on the use of industrial policy instruments in the context of the rising regionalism. It reviews 36 North-South and South-South regional trade agreements: 10 Agreements of the United States, 12 Agreements of European Union, 6 Chinese Agreements and 8 Indian Agreements, all with developing countries. It maps commitments that affect industrial policy instruments in three interrelated areas: foreign investment regulation, patent, and standardization. It compares the agreements’ engagements against WTO obligations and each other. Results show that North-South modes of regulation of investment and trade relations go systematically beyond WTO Agreements commitments, narrowing and eliminating its “flexibilities”. As a result, de jure industrial policy space of partner countries shrinks to a historically low level. In turn, the South-South modes of regulation of trade and investment relations preserve WTO “flexibilities” to a large extent, as result of (i) explicit affirmation of these flexibilities, and (ii) the non-inclusion of substantial commitments going beyond WTO agreements. Contrary to the agreements of the United States and the European Union, the de jure possibility to use industrial policy instruments is substantially preserved under the agreements of China and India with respect to: (i) measures aimed at regulating foreign investments in a manner that permits to trigger its industrial development benefits and to avoid its associated risks, (ii) the design of national patent system in manner that facilitates the access to and diffusion of technologies and knowledge, and (iii) the use of standards and technical regulations as instruments to overcome investment coordination failure, and as tools of control mechanism that should be associated with the State’s distributed rent to local producers.
Date
Le 29 juin 2017
Complément date
14h
Localisation
Complément lieu
Salle de séminaire n° 3
Faculté de droit
Faculté de droit
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