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Soutenance
Le 16 décembre 2013
Eco-innovation dans le secteur automobile : vers un nouveau sentier de dépendance ? Une lecture évolutionniste
Jury :
Abstract : Automotive industry has a special place in industrialised economic systems, as shown by the definition of the two latest phases in the history of capitalism: “fordism” and “post-fordism”. Automobile has not only represented a key area in the development of such economic systems, but has also been the “place” for permanent and crucial innovation. However, since the end of the 20th century this industry had to face a double environmental constraint: the announced shortage of fossil resources and the control of pollution, mainly atmospheric. Road transportation accounts for more than 20% of greenhouse gases. The purpose of this thesis is to ascertain the following research hypothesis: since the 90s, automotive industry could initiate a new path dependence to set itself free from this double constraint. Then, the move towards the hybrid engine, read as a breakthrough eco-innovation would mark the end of the lock in on the former path, characterized by the dependency from the internal combustion engine. This thesis is an applied economy work, following a hypothetical-deductive and historical path. It uses the theoretical grid proposed by Schumpeter and prolonged by the evolutionist authors. First of all, it aims to specify once more the bases of Schumpeterian analysis regarding innovation by revisiting the various concepts theorized by the author, and then to clearly establish the difference between “incremental innovation” and “breakthrough innovation”, considered as two basic concepts for the present analysis. It also shows how some evolutionist concepts can be read as prolonging the Schumpeterian analysis and represent pertinent complements to test the initial hypothesis. Later on, the thesis characterizes the current phase of the automotive field by including the environmental preoccupation to the theoretical propositions already presented. It shows that, similarly, the distinction can be made between breakthrough and incremental eco-innovations. The institutional context of innovation, whether international (Kyoto protocol), national (National innovation system), or sector-based (Sector-based innovation system), largely conditions the evolution observed in the automotive field. Finally, an analysis of innovations in the automotive field shows that the double constraint weighing on builders leads them to include these considerations throughout the vehicle life cycle. If the complete change of the engine principle constitutes the core of this revolution, innovative research now deals with the questioning of the products life end. The results obtained allow concluding, first of all, that the innovation process in the automotive field is dominated by eco-innovations and then that by authorizing emancipation from fossil resources these eco-innovations are in fact eco-breakthrough innovations. Here, they are read at the same time as land marking the end of the former path dependence, based on the use of fossil energies, in which the builders were locked in until now; and as initiating a new path dependence, based on a “carbon free” automobile.
- M. Jean-Jacques CHANARON (Rapporteur), Directeur de recherche CNRS
- M. Hakim BEN HAMMOUDA (Rapporteur), Conseiller Spécial du Président de la Banque Africaine du Développement, HDR en Économie
- M. Redouane TAOUIL, Professeur des Universités à l’Université Grenoble II
- Mme Catherine FIGUIERE (Directrice de thèse), Maître de Conférences, HDR, à l’Université Grenoble II
Abstract : Automotive industry has a special place in industrialised economic systems, as shown by the definition of the two latest phases in the history of capitalism: “fordism” and “post-fordism”. Automobile has not only represented a key area in the development of such economic systems, but has also been the “place” for permanent and crucial innovation. However, since the end of the 20th century this industry had to face a double environmental constraint: the announced shortage of fossil resources and the control of pollution, mainly atmospheric. Road transportation accounts for more than 20% of greenhouse gases. The purpose of this thesis is to ascertain the following research hypothesis: since the 90s, automotive industry could initiate a new path dependence to set itself free from this double constraint. Then, the move towards the hybrid engine, read as a breakthrough eco-innovation would mark the end of the lock in on the former path, characterized by the dependency from the internal combustion engine. This thesis is an applied economy work, following a hypothetical-deductive and historical path. It uses the theoretical grid proposed by Schumpeter and prolonged by the evolutionist authors. First of all, it aims to specify once more the bases of Schumpeterian analysis regarding innovation by revisiting the various concepts theorized by the author, and then to clearly establish the difference between “incremental innovation” and “breakthrough innovation”, considered as two basic concepts for the present analysis. It also shows how some evolutionist concepts can be read as prolonging the Schumpeterian analysis and represent pertinent complements to test the initial hypothesis. Later on, the thesis characterizes the current phase of the automotive field by including the environmental preoccupation to the theoretical propositions already presented. It shows that, similarly, the distinction can be made between breakthrough and incremental eco-innovations. The institutional context of innovation, whether international (Kyoto protocol), national (National innovation system), or sector-based (Sector-based innovation system), largely conditions the evolution observed in the automotive field. Finally, an analysis of innovations in the automotive field shows that the double constraint weighing on builders leads them to include these considerations throughout the vehicle life cycle. If the complete change of the engine principle constitutes the core of this revolution, innovative research now deals with the questioning of the products life end. The results obtained allow concluding, first of all, that the innovation process in the automotive field is dominated by eco-innovations and then that by authorizing emancipation from fossil resources these eco-innovations are in fact eco-breakthrough innovations. Here, they are read at the same time as land marking the end of the former path dependence, based on the use of fossil energies, in which the builders were locked in until now; and as initiating a new path dependence, based on a “carbon free” automobile.
Date
Le 16 décembre 2013
Complément date
14h
Localisation
Complément lieu
Salle 110, Bateg
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